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Analýza bakteriálních izolátů a DNA ze společenstva ze čtyř různých sukcesních ploch na území po těžbě hnědého uhlí
Chroňáková, Alica ; Halbritter, A. ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Biró, B.
Microbial communities of 4 different stages (initial [0 years after heaping of the excavated material], early [10], middle [20] and late [42] of primary succession process were studied. They were characterized by genotyping methods: ARDRA - Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analyses and box-PCR - genomic fingerprinting using specific primer for boxA-element. Box-PCR method was chosen for comparison of methodological approaches used for characterization of heterotrophic bacterial communities. ARDRA patterns of eubacterial communities were so complex and there weren´t shown any differences among individual communities on different stages of primary succession process. Actinomycetes communities were analyzed using two sets of primers: Actinomycetes 1. (243F-1378R, Heuer et al. 1997) and Actinomycetes 2. (243F-A3R; Monciardini et al. 2002). Fingerprints, which were obtained using both of actinomycetes specific primers, showed differences between communities on the early and later stages of primary succession process. Boy-PCR analysis is still in data processing and will be published later
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Charakteristika různorodých půd a sedimentů užitím specifických aktinomycetových r-DNA PCR primerů
Hill, P. ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Caballero, S. ; Kroetsch, D. J. ; Rauch, Ota
Most molecular biological studies of the soil characterise a few soils or sediments under a range of treatments or over a limited time. It is difficult to compare results between studies due to variations in DNA extraction method and PCR conditions. High diversity of the soil bacterial population means that it is impossible to characterise many soils through cloning and sequencing and that finger prints are often blurred and difficult to interpret. We compare a broad range of soils and zoo/anthropogenic sediments with actinomycete specific primers. ARDRA and cloning showed that these primers amplified mainly verrucomicrobia from tropical, temperate and sub-arctic soils and actinomycetes from biologically active and urban street sediments. We found two new groups that were broadly distributed in soils: a new actinomycete family and the AD-3 candidate division that was found in acid tropical and sub-arctic soils
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Použití metody Sherlock MIS System pro identifikaci bakteriálních izolátů z lesního opadu – předběžné výsledky
Jirout, Jiří ; Petrásek, Jiří ; Elhottová, Dana ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Nováková, Alena ; Rusek, Josef
This work has been related to the effect of climatic changes (especially warming) on communities of forest litter bacteria. We simulated this effect with use of litter bags with beech and/or oak litter transported to beech and spruce forest. After 2, 6 and 12 months of exposition we collected and analysed the samples. We measured quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bacteria and micromycetes community structure in all variants of forest/litter combinations (number of CFU, description of bacterial morphotypes, identification of dominant bacterial morphotypes with MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System). We found out that there were differencies in diversity in all variants in exposition time. From the first to the third sampling the CFU bacterial number has decreased whereas CFU micromycetes number has increased. Multivariate comparison (PCA based on relative distribution of bacterial morphotypes in samples) separated the oak litter bacterial community in spruce forest soil as the most different variant among the others.
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Vliv půdní fauny na mikrobiální společenstvo v místech po těžbě hnědého uhlí - předběžná data z mikrokosmového pokusu
Frouz, Jan ; Elhottová, Dana
The effect of several guilds of soil fauna (mesofauna, litter feeding macroarthropods, litter dwelling earthworms and epigeic earthworm Lumbricus rubellus) and two litter types (Almus glutinosa or Salix caprea) on microbial community was studied in laboratory microcosms using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) approach. Increasing input of organic matter in to mineral soil madiated by fauna activity result in increase of total PLFA. Some groups of PLFA such as terminally branched saturates and straight monoenoics reflected this gradient by increasing its proportion in community, opposite was true for branched monoenoics and straight poyenoics
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Růstová charakteristika a skladba funkčních skupin půdního mikrobiálního společenstva
Černá, B. ; Elhottová, Dana ; Šantrůčková, Hana
Oxyggen consumption was used for measuring growth parameters of functional microbial groups in two soils of different texture after addition of mineral, sugar-ammonium and complex media. Phospholipid fatty acids analysis (PLFA) was used to determine differences in community composition and structure. Growth parameters and composition based on a complete PLFA pattern of the microbial community, changed as a response to medium addition and type of incubation. The proportion of actinomycetes decreased whereas the proportion of fungi increased after addition both of the sugar-ammonium and complex media. Gram-negative bacteria dominated after addition of the substrates rich carbon source, while Gram-positive bacteria prevailed after addition of the carbon and nitrogen rich medium.
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Metodické aspekty studia biodiverzity v půdě
Šimek, Miloslav ; Krištůfek, Václav
Soil has many ecological and human-linked functions which can be fulfilled mostly due to the presence of countless living creatures - soil biota. Diversity of soil organisms is often linked to other important soil attributes, e.g. fertility, productivity, resilience, quality and health, as well as soil degradation. In this paper, concept of soil biodiversity is analysed and traditional and current methodological approaches in studying soil biodiversity are listed and briefly discussed
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